This textbook is an outgrowth of the author's experience in teaching a course, primarily to graduate students in chemistry, that included the subject matter presented in this book. The increasing use and importance of atomic spectroscopy as an analytical tool are quite evident to anyone involved in elemental analysis. A number of books are available that may be considered treatises in the various fields that use atomic spectra for analytical purposes. These include areas such as arc-spark emission spectroscopy, flame emission spectroscopy, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Other books are available that can be catalogued as "methods" books. Most of these books serve well the purpose for which they were written but are not well adapted to serve as basic textbooks in their fields. This book is intended to fill the aforementioned gap and to present the basic principles and instrumentation involved in analytical atomic spectro­ scopy. To meet this objective, the book includes an elementary treatment of the origin of atomic spectra, the instrumentation and accessory equipment used in atomic spectroscopy, and the principles involved in arc-spark emission, flame emission, atomic absorption, and atomic fluorescence. The chapters in the book that deal with the methods of atomic spectro­ scopy discuss such things as the basic principles involved in the method, the instrumentation requirements, variations of instrumentation, advantages and disadvantages of the method, problems of interferences, detection limits, the collection and processing of the data, and possible applications.

Time-series analysis is an area of statistics which is of particular interest at the present time. Time series arise in many different areas, ranging from marketing to oceanography, and the analysis of such series raises many problems of both a theoretical and practical nature. I first became interested in the subject as a postgraduate student at Imperial College, when I attended a stimulating course of lectures on time-series given by Dr. (now Professor) G. M. Jenkins. The subject has fascinated me ever since. Several books have been written on theoretical aspects of time-series analysis. The aim of this book is to provide an introduction to the subject which bridges the gap between theory and practice. The book has also been written to make what is rather a difficult subject as understandable as possible. Enough theory is given to introduce the concepts of time-series analysis and to make the book mathematically interesting. In addition, practical problems are considered so as to help the reader tackle the analysis of real data. The book assumes a knowledge of basic probability theory and elementary statistical inference (see Appendix III). The book can be used as a text for an undergraduate or postgraduate course in time-series, or it can be used for self tuition by research workers. Throughout the book, references are usually given to recent readily accessible books and journals rather than to the original attributive references. Wold's (1965) bibliography contains many time series references published before 1959.

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Through several centuries there has been a lively interaction between mathematics and mechanics. On the one side, mechanics has used mathemat­ ics to formulate the basic laws and to apply them to a host of problems that call for the quantitative prediction of the consequences of some action. On the other side, the needs of mechanics have stimulated the development of mathematical concepts. Differential calculus grew out of the needs of Newtonian dynamics; vector algebra was developed as a means . to describe force systems; vector analysis, to study velocity fields and force fields; and the calcul~s of variations has evolved from the energy principles of mechan­ ics. In recent times the theory of tensors has attracted the attention of the mechanics people. Its very name indicates its origin in the theory of elasticity. For a long time little use has been made of it in this area, but in the last decade its usefulness in the mechanics of continuous media has been widely recognized. While the undergraduate textbook literature in this country was becoming "vectorized" (lagging almost half a century behind the development in Europe), books dealing with various aspects of continuum mechanics took to tensors like fish to water. Since many authors were not sure whether their readers were sufficiently familiar with tensors~ they either added' a chapter on tensors or wrote a separate book on the subject.

IN this monograph I have attempted to set out, in as elemen­ tary a form as possible, the basic mathematics of the theories of elasticity, plasticity, viscosity, and rheology, together with a discussion of the properties of the materials involved and the way in which they are idealized to form a basis for the mathe­ matical theory. There are many mathematical text-books on these subjects, but they are largely devoted to methods for the solution of special problems, and, while the present book may be regarded as an introduction to these, it is also in­ tended for the large class of readers such as engineers and geologists who are more interested in the detailed analysis of stress and strain, the properties of some of the materials they use, criteria for flow and fracture, and so on, and whose interest in the theory is rather in the assumptions involved in it and the way in which they affect the solutions than in the study of special problems. The first chapter develops the analysis of stress and strain rather fully, giving, in particular, an account of Mohr's repre­ sentations of stress and of finite homogeneous strain in three dimensions. In the second chapter, on the behaviour of materials, the stress-strain relations for elasticity (both for isotropic and simple anisotropic substances), viscosity, plas­ ticity and some of the simpler rheological models are described.